-- Executive summary -- Summary and recommendations -- Challenges for including climate change effects in transport appraisal -- Estimating the social cost of CO2 emissions -- Uncertainty and transport appraisal of climate change effects -- Discounting long-term effects of climate change for transport -- List of participants

Transport accounts for nearly a quarter of carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. The price attached to these emissions is critical to climate policies and emissions mitigation efforts in the sector. As the impact of emissions on climate does not depend on where CO2 is released, the price of carbon should be uniform. In reality, however, it varies immensely, reflecting the complexity of assessing climate impacts.
This report reviews the three key challenges in considering the effects of carbon dioxide emissions in economic appraisal: the valuation of carbon dioxide emissions, the treatment of uncertainty in climate change and the approach used to discounting future costs and benefits. The report reviews current approaches in selected countries (France, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States) and provides examples of good practice and recommendations for national and international policy making.

This report reviews the three key challenges in considering the effects of carbon dioxide emissions in economic appraisal: the valuation of carbon dioxide emissions, the treatment of uncertainty in climate change and the approach used to discounting future costs and benefits. The report reviews current approaches in selected countries (France, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States) and provides examples of good practice and recommendations for national and international policy making.

El transporte representa casi una cuarta parte de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono de la combustión del combustible. El precio asociado a estas emisiones es crítico para las políticas climáticas y los esfuerzos de mitigación de emisiones en el sector. Como el impacto de las emisiones sobre el clima no depende de dónde se libera el CO2, el precio del carbono debería ser uniforme. En realidad, sin embargo, varía enormemente, lo que refleja la complejidad de evaluar los impactos del clima. Este informe revisa los tres desafíos clave al considerar los efectos de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono en la evaluación económica: la valoración de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono, el tratamiento de la incertidumbre en el cambio climático y el enfoque utilizado para descontar los costos y beneficios futuros. El informe revisa los enfoques actuales en países seleccionados (Francia, Alemania, Japón, Países Bajos, Nueva Zelanda, Noruega, Suecia, el Reino Unido y los Estados Unidos) y proporciona ejemplos de buenas prácticas y recomendaciones para la formulación de políticas nacionales e internacionales.